Effects of prostaglandin E2 receptor on the activation of inflammasomes and cell damage in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells in a high-glucose environment / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective:To observe the effects of four prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptors (EP 1-4R) on the activation of inflammasomes and cell damage in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRMEC) in a high glucose environment. Methods:The hRMEC were divided into normal group and high glucose group, and they were cultured in Dulbecco modified Eagle medium containing 5.5 and 30.0 mmol/L glucose, respectively. Flow cytometry was used to observe the apoptosis rate of the high glucose group and the normal group; enzyme chain immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the level of PGE2 in the culture supernatant of hRMEC cells. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of cyclooxyganese (COX2) and EP 1-4R in hRMEC. Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of EP 1-4R mRNA in hRMEC. After 72 h of culture, the cells in the high glucose group were divided into control group, PGE2 group, EP 1-4R agonist group, PGE2+EP 1-4R inhibitor group, and dimethylsulfoxide group. According to the group, each group was given the corresponding agonist or inhibitor to continue the culture for 24 h. QRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization structure-like receptor protein (NLRP3) and pro-interleukin (IL)-1β mRNA in each group of cells. ELISA was used to detect the content of IL-1β and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in the cell culture supernatant. Western blot was used to detect the expression of cleaved Caspase-1 in each group of cells. At the same time, hRMEC in a high glucose environment was given IL-1β stimulation for 24 h, and the activity of LDH in the supernatant of the cell culture medium was detected. Results:The apoptotic rate, COX2 protein expression, and PGE2 protein content in hRMEC in the high glucose group were significantly higher than those in the normal group, and they were time-dependent. Compared with the normal group, the expression levels of EP 1R, EP 2R, EP 4R protein and mRNA in hRMEC in the high glucose group were higher than those in the normal group ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, PGE2 group ( t=4.627, P<0.01), EP 1-4R agonist group ( t=3.889, 3.583, 2.445, 3.216; P<0.05) hRMEC NLRP3 mRNA expression level was significantly increased; the expression level of pro-IL-1β mRNA increased, however the difference was not statistically significant (PGE2 group: t=1.807, P>0.05; EP 1-4R agonist group: t=1.807, 1.477, 0.302, 1.926, P>0.05). Compared with the PGE2 group, the expression of NLRP3 mRNA in hRMEC in the PGE2+EP 2R inhibitor group was significantly reduced ( t=2.812, P<0.05); the expression of pro-IL-1β mRNA in hRMEC in the PGE2+EP 3R inhibitor group was significantly increased ( t=4.113, P<0.01). The protein content of IL-1β in the cell culture supernatant of the PGE2 group, EP 1R agonist group and EP 2R agonist group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( t=5.155, 4.136, 4.817; P<0.01). Compared with PGE2 group, the protein content of IL-1β in the cell culture supernatant of the PGE2+EP 2R inhibitor group and the PGE2+EP 4R inhibitor group were significantly lower than that of the PGE2 group ( t=1.964, 4.765; P<0.05). The expression of cleaved Caspase-1 in hRMEC in the PGE2 group and EP 2R agonist group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( t=5.332, 4.889; P<0.05). The expression of cleaved Caspase-1 in hRMEC in the PGE2+EP 2R inhibitor group was significantly lower than that of the PGE2 group ( t=6.699, P<0.01). The LDH activity in the cell culture supernatant of the PGE2 group and the EP 2R agonist group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( t=4.908, 4.225; P<0.05). The activity of LDH in the cell culture supernatant of the PGE2+EP 2R inhibitor group was significantly lower than that of the PGE2 group ( t=5.301, P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the LDH activity in the culture supernatant of hRMEC cells in the high glucose environment was significantly increased ( t=3.499, P<0.05). Conclusions:The four receptors of PGE2 can activate NLRP3 and its effector molecules to varying degrees. EP 2R mainly mediates hRMEC damage under high glucose environment.

Circular RNA circ-MYBL2 inhibits the proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells by adsorbing miR-324-3p / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To explore the expression of circular RNA circ-MYBL2 in prostate cancer tissue and the molecular mechanism of its influence on the occurrence and metastasis of prostate cancer.Methods:From February 2017 to April 2021, 45 cases of prostate cancer tissues and paracancerous tissues from patients with prostate cancer in the Department of Urology, Jingmen No.2 People′s Hospital were selected. quantitative real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the difference in expression of circ-MYBL2 in prostate cancer tissues and adjacent tissues, and the difference in expression of circ-MYBL2 in prostate cancer cell lines and immortalized prostate duct epithelial cells. Cell lines with low circ-MYBL2 expression were respectively transfected with circ-MYBL2 plasmid (circ-MYBL2 group) or negative control plasmid (control group). qRT-PCR was used to detect the transfection efficiency of circ-MYBL2 plasmid. CCK-8 method and cell scratch test were used to detect the effect of circ-MYBL2 on cell proliferation and migration. The starBase v2.0 software was used to predict the miRNA bound by circ-MYBL2 and the target gene of miRNA. The dual luciferase reporter gene experiment was used to verify the regulatory relationship between circ-MYBL2 and miRNA. qRT-PCR was used to detect the influence of circ-MYBL2 on miRNA expression and the influence of miRNA on target gene mRNA expression. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of target gene protein and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway proteins. The measurement data were expressed as mean±standard deviation ( Mean± SD), the comparison between the means of multiple samples used one-way analysis of variance, and the comparison between the means of two samples used the t-test. Results:The expression of circ-MYBL2 of DU-145 cells in prostate cancer tissue was significantly lower than that in adjacent tissues ( P<0.01). The expression of circ-MYBL2 in prostate cancer cell lines was significantly lower than that of prostate ductal epithelial cells ( P<0.01), and the expression of DU-145 cells was the lowest ( P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the expression of circ-MYBL2 of DU-145 cells in the circ-MYBL2 group increased significantly ( P<0.01), and circ-MYBL2 reduced the proliferation activity ( P<0.05) and migration ability ( P<0.01) of DU-145 cells. circ-MYBL2 acted as a sponge to adsorb miR-324-3p, and miR-324-3p complementarily bound to the suppressor of SUFU gene. circ-MYBL2 inhibited the expression of miR-324-3p ( P<0.01), SUFU gene expression was increased ( P<0.01), and Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway transduction was inhibited. Conclusion:circ-MYBL2 promotes the expression of SUFU gene by adsorbing miR-324-3p, inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thereby reducing the proliferation activity and migration ability of prostate cancer cells.

Inhibitory effects of miR-146a on retinal inflammation induced by high glucose in human retinal endothelial cells / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To observe the effects of miR-146a on human retinal endothelial cell (HREC) under high glucose condition.Methods:Total of 57 cases diagnosed as diabetic mellitus and 40 cases with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from October to December 2013.Forty-one healthy volunteers were enrolled and served as control group.The clinical data and venous blood samples of subjects were collected.HRECs were cultured in normal glucose (5.5 mmol/L) or high glucose medium (30 mmol/L). Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-146a.The cultured HRECs were transfected with miR-146a mimic, mimic negative control, inhibitor and inhibitor negative control by lipofectamine2000, respectively.The expression of miR-146a and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) mRNA was examined by real-time PCR and the expression of nuclear factor-кB (NF-кB) p65 and NF-кB p65 Ser536 was detected by Western blot assay. Results:The relative expression of miR-146a mRNA in the diabetic mellitus group and DR group was 0.36±0.08 and 0.27±0.08, respectively, which were significantly lower than 1.00±0.16 in the control group (both at P<0.01). The expression of miR-146a mRNA was 0.37±0.11 in the high glucose group, which was lower than 1.00±0.18 in the normal control group ( t=5.57, P<0.01). The relative expression of miR-146a mRNA in the miR-146a mimic group was 2 540.00±105.00, which was significantly higher than 61.00±17.90 in the miR-146a mimic control group; The relative expression of miR-146a mRNA in the miR-146a inhibitor group was 0.04±0.01, which was significantly lower than 0.88±0.04 in the miR-146a inhibitor control group ( t=23.23, 17.12; both at P<0.01). The relative expression of ICAM-1 mRNA in the miR-146a mimic group was 0.35±0.12, which was significantly lower than 1.00±0.13 in the miR-146a mimic control group; The relative expression of ICAM-1 mRNA in the miR-146a inhibitor group was 2.74±0.48, which was significantly higher than 1.00±0.16 in the miR-146a inhibitor control group ( t=3.58, 3.37; both at P<0.05). The relative expression of NF-кB p65 Ser536 in the miR-146a mimic group was 0.43±0.03, which was significantly lower than 1.07±0.09 in the miR-146a mimic control group ( t=6.74, P<0.01). The relative expression of NF-кB p65 Ser536 in the miR-146a inhibitor group was 2.08±0.12, which was significantly higher than 1.00±0.01 in the miR-146a inhibitor control group ( t=8.76; P<0.01). Conclusions:miR-146a can reduce inflammation of HREC in high glucose condition through inhibiting ICAM-1 expression and NF-кB phosphorylation.

Electrophysiological and clinical characteristics of children with startle epilepsy / 临床儿科杂志

Objective To investigate the characteristics of ictal and interictal electroencephalogram (EEG) and clinical manifestation in children with startle epilepsy. Methods The age of onset, inducing factors, the types of attacks, EEG features, cognitive function, treatment and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed in 8 cases of children with startle epilepsy from June 6, 2012 to March 2016. Results In 8 cases, 3 cases were male and 5 were female. The onset age was from 2.3 to 8.1 years old. The forms of onset were varied from generalized (tonic, myoclonic, atonic) to partial seizures (the asymmetry of posture rigidity, spasm). The most common ictal EEG finding was a diffuse electrodecremental pattern (5 cases), and the interictal EEG showed a large number of multifocal, generalized spines, slow waves and multiple spinous waves. There was one case with no history of brain injury while the other 7 cases had a history of brain injury. There were 7 cases with imaging abnormality, and the lesions of the frontal, parietal and temporal regions were indicated with a partial cerebral softening and brain atrophy. In 7 cases, all children had abnormal mental and motor development, and 1 case had normal cognitive function. The 7 cases with shock epilepsy showed no obvious response to the treatment of multiple antiepileptic drugs, and 1 case had no clinical onset after 2 months of treatment with VPA. Conclusions Startle epilepsy is mostly symptomatic, and few are non-symptomatic. The former had history of brain structure abnormalities, certain degree of motor retardation and mental disability, and no clinical response to antiepileptic drug therapy. The latter had basically normal cognitive function, and antiepileptic drug VPA treatment is effective. The degree of interictal epileptic was not an indicator of cognitive impairment and prognosis in children with startle epilepsy.

Analyses of the short-term prognostic factors for recovery of independent walking in Guillain Barre syndrome in children / 临床儿科杂志

Objective To explore the prognostic factors in Guillain Barre syndrome (GBS) in children. Methods A total of 125 children with GBS were included and grouped according to their independent walking at two and six months after discharge, and their clinical data were analyzed. Results In 125 children (74 males, 51 females) the average age was 84.49±25.32 months, and 41 were under 6 years old. 102 children had a history of prodromal infections. 32 children had cranial nerve involvement and 35 had autonomic nerve involvement. 12 children need assisted respiration. At 2 and 6 months after discharge, when compared with children who could walk independently, the rates of functional score > 3, cranial nerve involvement, and neuroelectrophysiology as denervation potential were higher in children who could not walk independently, and the differences were statistically significant (P all<0.05). Conclusions The factors that affect the short-term prognosis are denervation potential in neuroelectrophysiology, cranial nerve involvement, and functional score > 3. Early identification of uniqueness in patients and subsequent development of targeted rehabilitation training should be carried out to improve the prognosis.

Clinical analysis on 6 cases of hematological patients with rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis / 解放军医学杂志

Objectives To explore the clinical characteristics of hematologic disease complicated by rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (HD-ROCM) and improve the understanding, diagnosis and treatment of M-ROC.Methods For mastering the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of HD-ROCM, the medical records of 6 HD-ROCM patients admitted from 2009 to 2015 were analyzed retrospectively, and related literatures were also retrieved and reviewed.Results All the patients had bone marrow transplantation, 2 out of 6 patients had neutropenia, 5 had endoscopic debridement in a few days to several months after the onset of symptoms, and 1 had open debridement. 3 out of 6 achieved local debridement, and the other 3 had radical debridement. Out of them, one died 8 days postoperation, 1 died at 1 month, 2 at 2 months and 2 at 6 months.ConclusionEarly diagnosis and timely surgical treatment are the key points for improving the survival rate of HD-ROCM patients.

Brain plasticity of structural and functional in elderly with subjective memory complaints / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Subjective memory complaints (SMC) is increasingly recognized as the earliest prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease.Individuals with SMC whose memory without measurable cognitive deficits,however,demonstrated some neurodegenerative brain changes.It would be more appropriate to prevent or postpone the AD process by interventing in this earlier stage of SMC,while relatively little is known about the brain plasticity in elderly with SMC.Therefore,further research is necessary in understanding the brain plasticity in SMC on the basis of further elucidating the pathophysiological mechanisms in this group of individuals.

Inhibitory effect of zacopride on ouabain-induced arrhythmias in adult rats / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To investigate the effect of zacopride, an inward rectifier potassium channel agonist, on ouabain-induced arrhythmias in adult rats, and to explore the underlying electrophysiological mechanism.METHODS: Using ouabain to establish in vitro and in vivo arrhythmic rat models, the effects of zacopride on ouabain-induced arrhythmias were observed.The technique of whole-cell patch clamp was used to observe the effects of zacopride on inward rectifier potassium current (IK1), resting membrane potential (RMP) and delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs) in single rat ventricular myocyte.RESULTS: Zacopride at 1 μmol/L significantly reduced total number of premature ventricular beats, and the duration and incidence of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation induced by ouabain in rat hearts in vitro (P<0.05).In anesthetized rats, zacopride at 15 μg/kg significantly reduced total number of premature ventricular beats, and the duration and incidence of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation induced by ouabain (P<0.05).IK1 was significantly inhibited by ouabain (P<0.05), which was partially and even completely reversed by zacopride at 0.1~10 μmol/L.RMP value was significantly reduced by ouabain (P<0.05), and then increased to different levels after treatment with zacopride (0.1~10 μmol/L).Zacopride at 1 μmol/L showed its maximal effect and RMP was restored to normal level.Moreover, zacopride at 1 μmol/L markedly suppressed ouabain-induced DADs in single rat ventricular myocyte.The incidence of DADs decreased from 91.67% to 12.50% after zacopride was applied (P<0.05), and this effect was abolished by 1 μmol/L BaCl2.CONCLUSION: Inward rectifier potassium channel agonist zacopride significantly inhibits ouabain-induced ventricular arrhythmias in adult rats.The mechanism is related to increased RMP level and inhibition of DADs by activation of IK1 channel.

Investigation of effects of monoclonal antibody NCX-3F10against Na+/Ca2+ exchanger on rat cardiac ionic currentsand its suppression on ischemia-reperfusion induced cardiac arrhythmias / 中国药理学通报

Aim To observe the effect of antibody NCX-3F10 on the main ion current of rat ventricular myocytes and its effect on arrhythmias induced by ischemia/reperfusion(I/R).Methods ① The whole-cell patch clamp technique was employed to record the Na+/Ca2+ exchange current(INa/Ca) and other major ion currents in rat ventricular myocytes.② The rat models of arrhythmia induced by ischemia/reperfusion were established by ligating the left coronary artery to in vivo and in vitro.Then the effects of antibody on the arrhythmia were observed.③ The IonOptix ion imaging system was used to observe the effect of antibody on calcium transients in single ventricular myocytes.Results ① The antibody NCX-3F10 dose-dependently inhibited INa/Ca from 5 to 40 mg·L-1.The IC50 for outward and inward currents was 11.15 and 11.69 mg·L-1, and the maximum inhibitory rates were 61% and 62%, respectively.The antibody also had an inhibitory effect on calcium current(ICa-L), and had no significant effect on inward rectifier potassium current(IK1), transient outward potassium current(Ito) and sodium current(INa).② In the isolated rat heart group I/R, 100% rats showed ventricular tachycardia, and 88.89% rats had ventricular fibrillation.After administration of antibody NCX-3F10(10 mg·L-1) 5 min before reperfusion, the incidence of ventricular tachycardia decreased to 44.43%(P<0.05), and the duration of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation was also shortened remarkably(P<0.05).③ In the anesthetized rats after administration of antibody NCX-3F10(50 μg·kg-1) 5 min before reperfusion, the incidence and duration of ventricular tachycardia,the incidence and duration of ventricular fibrillation, and total number of ventricular premature beats were significantly decreased(P<0.05).④ From 5 to 40 mg·L-1, NCX-3F10 antibody decreased calcium transient amplitude in rat single ventricular myocytes dose-dependently(P<0.05).Conclusions The NCX-3F10 antibody shows significant arrhythmic effects on ischemia-reperfusion induced arrhythmia in rats both in vitro and in vivo, the underlying mechanism of which is related to NCX and L-type calcium current inhibition and calcium overload reduction by the NCX antibody.

A prevalence survey of adult diabetes mellitus in Liaoning Anshan and its related risk factors / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence and awareness rate of adult diabetes mellitus and the risk factors in Liaoning Anshan. Methods A cross-sectional population survey was performed among residents in Liaoning Anshan and 2 500 subjects participated. Subjects whose fasting plasma glucose ≥ 5.6 mmol/L were confirmed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Results The standardized prevalence of adult diabetes mellitus over the age of 20 in Liaoning Anshan was 8.2%, and the standardized prevalence of pre-diabetes mellitus was 14.8%. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus increased with age (P<0.05). The awareness rate of diabetes mellitus in Liaoning Anshan was 52.3%(125/239), and the awareness rate of pre-diabetes mellitus was 8.7%(35/402). Logistic regression indicated that age, family history of diabetes, overweight or obesity, waist circumference, hypertriacylglycerolemia was the risk factors (P<0.05), while regular exercise was protective factor (P<0.05). Conclusions The current prevalence of diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes mellitus in Liaoning Anshan is higher, and the awareness rate is lower.

Cardiac arrhythmia suppression by I K1 channel agonist in isoproterenol-induced myocardial hypertrophic rats and investigation on its mechanism / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of zacopride ( Zac) on cardiac arrhythmia in isoproterenol ( ISO)-in-duced myocardial hypertrophic rats and the underlying electrophysiological mechanisms .Methods ① Fifty-one rats were randomly divided into control group ( n=17 ) , ISO group ( n=17 ) and ISO +Zac group ( n =17 ) .Rat model with cardiac arrhythmia and hypertro-phy was established by intraperitoneal ISO ( 5 mg?kg -1 ) injection.②ECGs were recorded to observe the effects of Zac on arrhythmia in model rats .③ Whole-cell patch clamp was applied to record inwardly rectifi-er potassium current(IK1), resting membrane potential ( RMP ) and amplicated delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs).Results ① Echocardiographic examination showed that , left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) and left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESD) significantly decreased in rats in ISO group compared with control group , whereas left ventricular posterior wall end-diastolic thickness ( LVPWd) and in-terventricular septum end-diastolic thickness ( IVSd ) increased ( P<0.05 ) , suggesting rat model of isoprot-erenol-induced myocardial hypertrophy was successfully established .② ECGs showed that 88.89% of rats in ISO group had ventricular premature beats ( VPBs ) , which significantly decreased to 11.11% after the ap-plication of Zac ( P <0.05 ) .③ Values of RMP de-creased from ( -71.05 ±1.27 ) mV in control group to (-69.38 ±1.21 ) mV in ISO group ( P<0.05 ) . After Zac administration , RMP significantly increased to ( -73.86 ±1.33 ) mV compared with control and ISO group(P<0.05).④DADs and TA incidence sig-nificantly decreased from 88.24% in ISO group to 11.76%in ISO+Zac group ( P<0.05 ) .⑤ Compared with control group , IK1 density was markedly reduced in ISO group, whereas Zac could effectively rescue IK1 suppression to normal level .Conclusions Zac, as a selective IK1 channel agonist , can significantly inhibit cardiac arrhythmia in isoproterenol-induced myocardial hypertrophic rats , which is mainly attributed to in-creased RMP by enhancing IK1 and subsequent suppres-sion of DADs.

Research on Mental Fatigue Detecting Method Based on Sleep Deprivation Models / 生物医学工程学杂志

Mental fatigue is an important factor of human health and safety. It is important to achieve dynamic mental fatigue detection by using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals for fatigue prevention and job performance improvement. We in our study induced subjects' mental fatigue with 30 h sleep deprivation (SD) in the experiment. We extracted EEG features, including relative power, power ratio, center of gravity frequency (CGF), and basic relative power ratio. Then we built mental fatigue prediction model by using regression analysis. And we conducted lead optimization for prediction model. Result showed that R2 of prediction model could reach to 0.932. After lead optimization, 4 leads were used to build prediction model, in which R' could reach to 0.811. It can meet the daily applicatioi accuracy of mental fatigue prediction.

Brain Vigilance Analysis Based on the Measure of Complexity / 生物医学工程学杂志

Vigilance is defined as the ability to maintain attention for prolonged periods of time. In order to explore the variation of brain vigilance in work process, we designed addition and subtraction experiment with numbers of three digits to induce the vigilance to change, combined it with psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) to measure this process of electroencephalogram (EEG), extracted and analyzed permutation entropy (PE) of 11 cases of subjects' EEG and made a brief comparison with nonlinear parameter sample entropy (SE). The experimental results showed that: PE could well reflect the dynamic changes of EEG when vigilance decreases, and has advantages of fast arithmetic speed, high noise immunity, and low requirements for EEG length. This can be used as a measure of the brain vigilance indicators.

Non-linear research of alertness levels under sleep deprivation / 生物医学工程学杂志

We applied Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZC) combined with brain electrical activity mapping (BEAM) to study the change of alertness under sleep deprivation in our research. Ten subjects were involved in 36 hours sleep deprivation (SD), during which spontaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) experiments and auditory evoked EEG experiments-Oddball were recorded once every 6 hours. Spontaneous and evoked EEG data were calculated and BEAMs were structured. Results showed that during the 36 hours of SD, alertness could be divided into three stages, i. e. the first 12 hours as the high stage, the middle 12 hours as the rapid decline stage and the last 12 hours as the low stage. During the period SD, LZC of Spontaneous EEG decreased over the whole brain to some extent, but remained consistent with the subjective scales. By BEAMs of event related potential, LZC on frontal cortex decreased, but kept consistent with the behavioral responses. Therefore, LZC can be effective to reflect the change of brain alertness. At the same time LZC could be used as a practical index to monitor real-time alertness because of its simple computation and fast calculation.

Reconstruction of failed urethroplasty with different tissues and materials for hypospadias / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To study the efficacy and complications of reconstruction of failed urethro-plasty for hypospadias with pedicle flap , bladder mucosa , buccal mucosa , and biological patch . Methods 23 patients were enrolled from Jul .2005 to Dec.2011.8 patients, with good local skin condition , were performed with pedicle flap urethroplasty .The other 15 patients, with bad local skin condition or with long segment urethral stricture , were performed with free grafts , including 6 bladder mucosa , 7 buccal muco-sal and 2 biological patch. Results Of the 23 cases, 7 cases were cured by one phase operation .There were 16 (16/25) cases had complications.3 (3/16) cases were failed because of serious infection (2 pedi-cle flap, 1 bladder mucosa ) .The failed cases were implemented with urethroplasty 6 months later by the buccal mucosa installments operation .4 (4/16) cases had solitary urethral fistula (1 pedicle flap, 2 bladder mucosa, and 1 buccal mucosal), who were successfully treated with simple fistula repair 3 to 6 months later. 9 ( 9/16) cases had urethral stricture ( 2 pedicle flap , 3 bladder mucosa , 3 buccal mucosal , and 1 biologi-cal patch graft ) , who were treated with urethral sound and got good result .We had reconstructed the urethra using mucosa graft onlay urethroplasty .All of the 23 patients were followed up with an average of 14.5 ( 6-24) months.23 cases were satisfied with the stretched penis , urination and no need to expand the urethra more than 6 months.3 cases were not satisfied with penile appearance .After communication, these patients did not require a further penis orthopedic surgery . Conclusions Pedicle flap, bladder mucosa , buccal mucosa and biological patch can be used in urethral repair and construction of failed urethroplasty for hypos -padias.Urethral sound dilation plays an important role in hypospadias repair .

Effective fixation of double plates for delayed treatment of type C pilon fractures / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Traditional open reduction and internal fixation for type C pilon fractures is characterized extensive periosteal stripping, severe soft tissue injury, many postoperative complications, and unsatisfactory recovery of joint function. Minimal y invasive technology or external fixation combined with limited internal fixation for type C pilon fractures are usual y difficult to achieve anatomical reduction. OBJECTIVE:To explore the curative efficacy of anterolateral“L”type locking plate implantation combined with interior minimal y invasive plate osteosynthesis in treatment of type C pilon fractures and postoperative complication occurrence in order to find out the efficient fixation method for type C pilon fractures. METHODS:Twenty-six patients with type C pilon fractures (15 males and 11 females, aged from 19 to 68 years, mean age of 39.2 years) were selected and subjected to anterolateral“L”type locking plate implantation combined with interior minimal y invasive plate osteosynthesis. CT three-dimensional reconstruction was performed before and plate implantation. X-ray examination was carried out before and after fixation. Al patients were fol owed up for observation of clinical efficacy and complications. The therapeutic effects were evaluated using the Johner-Wruhs scoring system. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The 26 patients were fol owed up for 16 months (from 9 to 24 months). Delayed healing occurred in one case (after 12 months), and the average healing time was 15 weeks (from 11 to 52 weeks). There was no deformity healing. Two patients developed superficial incision infections of Staphylococcus aureus, healed by open wound and dressing change every day for 2 weeks. No deep infection or osteomyelitis was found. One patient was found to have traumatic arthritis of ankle joint, improved by the injection of sodium hyaluronate. There was no flap necrosis and tendon irritation, broken nail or screw withdrawal, and nerve injury. Johner-Wruhs scores were excellent in 11 cases, good in 12 cases, fair in 3 cases, with the total excellent to good rate of 88.5%. These findings indicate that anterolateral“L”type locking plate implantation combined with interior minimal y invasive plate osteosynthesis for delayed treatment of type C pilon fractures can achieve satisfactory fracture reduction, rigid fixation, early functional exercise, less complications, and good recovery of joint function.

Effect of castration on miR-301a expression in a mouse xenograft model of human prostate cancer / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To investigate the changes of miR-301a and its host gene expression SKA2 in LNCaP prostate cancer xenografts in the castrated nude mice.Methods LNCaP cells were inoculated subcutaneously in nude mice to establish xenograft models of human prostate cancer.When the tumor volume grew to 200 mm3,the nude mice were randomly divided into the following 4 groups(n =6): 2 groups of nude mice to surgical castration,the other 2 groups of mice as control groups.The growth of those xnografts in nude mice was observed weekly and a growth curve of the xenografts was drawn.A point time during the process of tumor-regressing was selected when a group of castrated nude mice and a group of control mice were killed(the first time).The other 2 groups nude mice were continued to be observed.Another point time in the process of tumor re-growth,the rest castrated nude mice and control mice were killed(the second time).The tumors were weighted and the inhibitory rate was calculated.MiR-301a and SKA2 expression were detected by real-time PCR.Results The growth of the xenografts gradually decreased in LNCaP xenografts in nude mice after castration.After 13 days,the xenografls sizes decreased to(62.5 ±21.5)mm3 and tumor inhibitory rate was 59.8％(t =-3.895,P =0.018)in castration group of nude mice.At the 17th day after castration,tumor volume reached the minimum,and then gradually increased.At the 41st day after castration,tumor volumes in castration group increased to(364.5 ±97.3)mm3 and the tumor inhibitory rate was 62.2％(t =-7.017,P =0.002).MiR-301a and SKA2 in the first time of xenografts from the castrated group were both significantly lower than those of the control group(0.65-fold and 0.50-fold,respectively).However,their expressions in the second time of xenografts from the castrated group increased and were consistent with the control group(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Castration could turn prostate cancer xenografts from androgen-dependent into androgen-independent.There could be a close correlation between the characteristic of prostate cancer androgen-dependent and the expressions of miR-301 a and host gene SKA2.

Effects of Angong-niuhuang pill on expression of eNOSmRNA in spontaneously hypertensive rats after intracerebral hemorrhage / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To study the effect of Angong-niuhuang pill on expression of eNOSmRNA in spontaneously hypertensive rats after intracerebral hemorrhage and to explore it's protective mechanism.Methods 120 spontaneously hypertensive rats were randomly divided into four groups: model group, western medicine treated group. Angong-niuhuang pill treated group, combining traditional Chinese medicine western medicine group, expression of eNOSmRNA in rat brain tissue was detected by RT-PCR. Results Expression of BCL-2mRNA in combining traditional Chinese medicine western medicine group was significantly higer than other goups(P＜0.01), Compared with model group, the expression of BCL-2mRNA in western medicine treated group and Angong-niuhuang pill treated group was markedly increased (P＜0.01), the differences between Angong-niuhuang pill treated group and Western medicine treated group were not obvious (P＞0.05).Conclusion Protective effect of Angong-niuhuang pill on spontaneously hypertensive rats after intracerebral hemorrhage is related to the the inducement of eNOS expression.

Expression and clinical significance of constitutive androstane receptor in placental syntrophoblast of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To explore the expression and clinical significance of constitutive androstane receptor(CAR)in placenta syntrophoblast from patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy(ICP).Methods Placenta were collected from women with ICP who delivered from April 2009 to March 2010 in First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University.According to the severity of ICP,patients were classified into mild ICP group(n=10)and severe ICP group(n=10).Ten healthy pregnant women who delivered in the same period were chosen as control group.The location of CAR protein in placenta was studied by immunohistochemical streptavidin-biotin complex(SABC)method.CAR mRNA level was determined by reverse transcription(RT)-PCR technique and CAR protein expression level was determined by western blot.Results(1)CAR was located in the placenta syncytiotrophoblastic cells in control group and mild ICP group,showed light tan when stained,and was mainly in the cytoplasm.In severe ICP group,CAR was also located in placenta syncytiotrophoblastic cells but mainly in the nucleolus,showed dark tan when stained.(2)The mRNA expressions of CAR in control group,mild ICP group,severe ICP group were 0.06 ±0.03,0.07 ±0.03 and 0.56±0.03.respectively.CAR in severe ICP group was significantly higher than those in control group and mild ICP group(P＜0.05).The difference of mRNA between control group and mild ICP group wag not statistically significant(P＞0.05).(3)The CAR protein levels in control group,mild ICP group,severe ICP group were 0.74±0.03,0.79±01 03 and 1.02±0.04,respectively.CAR protein expression in the severe ICP group was significantly higher than the other two groups(P＜0.05).And there was no statistical significance between mild group and control group(P＞0.05).Conclusion In ICP women.especially severe ICP patients,the CAR expression in placenta syncytiotrophoblastic cells increased appreciably,which may be involved in the maintenance of placenta barrier function and protection in ICP pathogenesis.

Law of spatial direction changes in the view of endoscope simulated by SketchUp software / 中国组织工程研究

The endosopic imaging was simulated using SketchUp software, and the preliminary definitions of the visual relative quantity space (VRQS), visual absolute quantity space (VAQS), and visual space scale unit (length) VSSU (VSUL) were made to discuss characters of them; With the elevation angle or the distance of the endoscope entering the nasal cavity changed, the law and the cause of the spatial directions in the visual field of the endoscope were analyzed by the theory of VRQS, VAQS, and VSSU (VSUL). The perspective law in the 0° VRQS is: With the distance to the visual point nearer, the length of the VSSU in the view of the endoscope is longer. If the distance of the endoscope entering the model is increased only, the position of the spatial direction in the view of the endoscope shows the repeatable and substituted characteristics. If the elevation angle of the endoscope is changed only, the spatial directions in the view are changed. The change of the spatial directions in the view could be explained by the theory of VRQS, VAQS, and VSSU (VSUL). The change of the elevation angle of the endoscope can caused the change of the spatial directions in the view. The spatial directions in the view of the endoscope have the repeatable and substituted characteristics; the theory of VRQS, VAQS, and VSSU (VSUL) can completely explained the changes of the spatial directions, which provides a good basis for the operations and the further research.